UNFPA has defined TF GBV as “an act of violence perpetrated by one or more individuals that is committed,
assisted, aggravated and amplified in part or fully by the use of information and communication technologies or
digital media, against a person on the basis of their gender.”1
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“Action by one or more people that harm others based on their sexual or gender
identity or by enforcing harmful gender norms. This action is carried out using the
internet and/or mobile technology and includes stalking, bullying, sex-based
harassment, defamation, hate speech, exploitation and gendertrolling.”
(Hinson, Mueller, O’Brien-Milne, & Wandera, 2018)
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A global and open internet is crucial to achieving the Agenda 2030 Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), something recognized by Article 19 and
demonstrated by the actions of organizations and countries alike.
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The rapid expansion of internet and mobile technologies has fostered global progress and development.
Yet, the omnipresence of digital technologies has also given rise to emerging human rights and safety
issues. While terms like cyberbullying, online harassment, and cyberstalking are commonly employed,
they fall short in encapsulating the diverse spectrum of violent behaviors prevalent in digital spaces,
particularly those that disproportionately affect women, girls, and sexual minorities.
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